竞技谬论和场地依赖[1]

体育是商品化的、卖淫式的随机性。

当你在肉体上战胜了一个人时，你得到了锻炼，缓解了压力；当你在网上攻击他时，只不过是在损害你自己。

平整的地面、竞技体育和专项工作会让头脑和身体变成化石，同样，竞技式的学术会让灵魂变成化石。

他们承认象棋训练只能提高下象棋的技能，却不承认课堂训练（几乎）只能提高课堂技能。

那个人抵达旅馆的时候让服务员替他搬行李，后来我看见他在健身房里举重锻炼。

比赛被创造出来是为了让普通人产生胜利的幻觉。在真实生活中，你不知道谁真正赢了，谁真正输了（除非是在为时已晚的时候）；但你知道谁是普通人，谁不是。

我怀疑智商、高考和学校测验分数是书呆子发明出来的，这样他们可以得到高分，显示自己的聪明。[2]

他们可以在电子阅读器上读普鲁塔克的著作，但却拒绝用塑封纸杯喝林卓贝斯红酒。

关于我们思维的场地依赖，我能举出的最好的例子是我前段时间去巴黎的时候，午餐在法式餐厅吃，我的朋友们吃了鲑鱼肉，把鱼皮扔掉；晚餐在日式寿司餐厅吃，同样是这帮朋友，吃了鲑鱼皮，把鱼肉扔掉。

脆弱：我们一直在努力把勇气与战争分隔开来，让具有电脑技能的胆小鬼不必冒生命危险就可以杀人。

[1]《黑天鹅》主要揭示的谬论是，把生活弄得就像竞技（或者正式场合），充满了刻板的规矩，而不是反过来。场地依赖是指，一个人在一种环境下（例如某个体育场里）采用这样的行为方式，换一种环境就采用另外的行为方式。

[2] 有些聪明而又睿智的人在智商测验里得了很低的分数，也有些智力明显有缺陷的人（例如美国前总统乔治·华盛顿·布什）在智商测验里得了很高的分数（130）。与其说他们是接受智商测验，不如说是在考验智商测验本身。

THE LUDIC FALLACY AND DOMAIN DEPENDENCE

Sports are commoditized and, alas, prostituted randomness.

When you beat up someone physically you get exercise and stress relief; when you assault him verbally on the internet you just harm yourself.

Just as smooth surfaces, competitive sports, and specialized work fossilize mind and body, competitive academia fossilizes the soul.

They agree that chess training only improves chess skills, but disagree that classroom training (almost) only improves classroom skills.

Upon arriving at the hotel the fellow had a porter carry his luggage; I later saw him lifting free weights in the gym.

Games were created to give nonheroes the illusion of winning. In real life you don't know who really won or who really lost (except too late); but you can tell who is heroic and who is not.

I suspect that IQ, SAT, and school grades are tests designed by nerds so they can get high scores in order to be called intelligent.

They read Plutarch on an E-reader but refuse to drink Chateau Lynch Bages in a styrofoam cup.

My best example of domain dependence of our minds, from my recent visit to Paris. At lunch in a French restaurant, my friends ate the salmon and threw away the skin; at dinner, at a sushi bar, the very same friends ate the skin and threw away the salmon.

Fragility: we have been progressively separating human courage from warfare, allowing wimps with computer skills to kill people without the slightest risk to their lives.