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致谢

我不仅要感谢影响了本书核心思想的那些人，也要感谢对我的早期思想产生深远影响的那些人，是他们塑造了这个独特头脑的“谷”和“磨”。其中最重要的是我的哥哥文森特·海耶斯，他教会我如何辩论，以及如何正确地享受这件事胜过其他几乎所有事情。后来，我学术道路上的引导人是我的博士生导师亨利·普罗特金和博士后顾问唐纳德·坎贝尔、丹尼尔·丹尼特、安东尼·迪金森和尼古拉斯·麦金托什。回想起来，我很高兴他们之间有如此深刻的知识上的分歧，因为从进化认识论的高层跳入关联性学习的知识领域并不总是一帆风顺的。在美国，我和坎贝尔、丹尼特一起待了两年，之后，当我来到了剑桥的迪金森-麦金托什实验室时，我确信自己将坚定不移地转向，拥抱经验主义，放弃大自然和它的所有作品。但我的顾问们的远见卓识和作为知识分子的正直都鼓励着我去寻找正确的方法。本书涵盖了我目前为止在学术各方面取得的进展。

在那些塑造了这本书的“谷”的人中，我特别感谢那些有高贵灵魂的敏锐头脑，他们阅读了完整的书稿，并给出了宝贵的反馈：马丁·艾默、克里斯·弗里斯、尼克·谢伊、金·斯特莱尼，以及由雷切尔·布朗和理查德·摩尔在澳大利亚国立大学哲学系召集的每周一次的讨论小组的成员。（可惜的是，我不能参加讨论组，但我知道讨论常常进行得非常激烈。这使我觉得，如金·斯特莱尼所言，这是一个好兆头。）这些慷慨的第一读者——与艾伦·克拉克、安东尼·狄金森、尤塔·弗里斯和约翰·皮尔斯一起——不仅在书的主题上对我进行了辅导和挑战，而且在我从“实验心理学家”过渡到“理论生命科学家”时提供了宝贵的道义、实践和智力支持。

在伦敦大学学院和牛津大学之间的那条路上，我虽然放弃了实验室，但并没有忘记实验室生活的要求。我需要写更多的文章，筹集更多的资金，并让斤斤计较的资助方满意，还承担教学和行政工作，我很难找到时间读书，这也是为什么我花了很长时间努力使这本书尽可能简短精练。它是为了方便所有对人类进化感兴趣的人（包括人类学家、考古学家、生物学家、经济学家、哲学家和非专业读者）而写的，并且足够短，以便那些很少读心理学和神经科学领域书籍的人能迅速接受。

一旦我开始忘记实验室生活的严酷，杰弗·伯德、卡罗琳·卡特穆尔、理查德·库克、简·莱顿、克莱尔·普雷斯和伊丽莎白·雷会“粗暴地”提醒我。我和这些朋友和同事一起研究出了第6章中的模仿理论，他们不断提醒我设计和完成一个好的实验是多么困难，当你和你崇拜的人一起工作时，一切又是多么值得。

2011年，罗伯特·巴顿、伊娃·贾布隆卡、艾莉森·戈普尼克、拉塞尔·格雷、亚瑟·罗布森和金·斯特莱尼来到牛津大学，就人类认知的进化问题举办了一个为期一学期的研讨会。我感谢他们当时的赞助公司，感谢英格兰的亨利六世、亨利·奇切利大主教，以及牛津大学万灵学院的院长和同事们，他们主办了这次研讨会，并提供了一个理想的学术环境，让我们可以自由地讨论几乎所有事情。

这是我的第一本，也可能是唯一的一本书。我想感谢斯蒂芬·科利尼、塞西尔·法布尔和安东尼·戈特利布对本书写作的指导与建议，以及哈佛大学出版社的工作人员贾尼斯·奥黛特、埃默雷德·詹森-罗伯茨、伊恩·马尔科姆和斯蒂芬妮·维斯对所有细枝末节的耐心帮助。

我的搭档马丁·艾默，在他的诸多天赋中，非凡的地点记忆力令人印象深刻。每当我们的讨论回到本书中的某一个主题时，马丁就能回忆起我们上次解决这个问题的地方——例如，在海格特伍兹散步时我们讨论的电子语义，在热那亚一家咖啡馆外我们解决了内隐心智解读，在去朋友婚礼途中我们讨论着语言的普遍性——并且通过这种方法回忆起我们所说的几乎每一句话。除了这种天赋，更多的是对他在这些未被遗忘的讨论中给予的敏锐见解和热情鼓励，我深表感激。