东欧知识分子政治

1 Hannah Arendt，Origins of Totalitarianism，New York: Harcourt Brace，1951，1966；Carl J. Friedrich and Zbigniew Brzezinski，Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy，Cambridge，M.A.: Harvard University Press，1956，1965.

2 Allen Kassof，“The Administered Society: Totalitarianism without Terror，”World Politics，16/4，July 1964，p. 559.

3 Juan Linz，“Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes，”in Greenstein and Polsby，eds.，Handbook of Political Science，vol. 3. Reading，M.A.: Addison Wesley，1975.

4 Michael Walzer，“On‘Failed Totalitarianism’，”in Irving Howe，ed.，1984 Revisited: Totalitarianism in Our Century，New York: Harper & Row，1983，pp. 107，118.

5 Jeffrey C. Goldfarb，Beyond Glasnost: The Post-Totalitarian Mind，Chicago，I.L.: The University of Chicago Press，1989，p. 37.

6 Gyorgy Lukacs，“Contemporary Problems of Marxist Philosophy，”in Gale Stokes，ed.，From Stalinism to Pluralism: A Documentary History of Eastern Europe，New York: Oxford University Press，1991，p. 92.

7 Milovan Djilas，“The New Class，”in Gale Stokes，ed.，From Stalinism to Pluralism，p. 105.

8 Zdenek Mlynar，“Towards a Democratic Political Organization of Society，”in Gale Stokes，ed.，From Stalinism to Pluralism，pp. 124-125.

9 Adam Michnik，Letters from Freedom: Post-Cold War Realities and Perspectives，Berkeley，C.A.: University of California Press，1998；Vaclav Benda，et al.，“Parallel Polis，or an Independent Society in Central and Eastern Europe: an Inquiry，”Social Research55:1/2，，1988: 211-246.

10 Stanislaw Baranczak，Breathing under Water and other East European Essays，Cambridge，M.A.: Harvard University Press，1990；Miklos Haraszti，The Velvet Prison，New York: New Republic Books，1987；Gyorgy Konrad，Antipolitics，New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich，1984；Gyorgy Konrad and Ivan Szelenyi，The Intellectuals on the Road to Class PowerNew York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich，，1979；Leszek Kolakowski，Toward a Marxist Humanism: Essays on the Left Today，New York: Grove Press，1968.

11 Vaclav Havel，Living in Truth，London: Faber and Faber，1987，p. 94.

12 Ibid.，pp. 88-89.

13 Ibid.，p. 41.

14 Ibid.，p. 45.

15 Ibid.，p. 62.

16 Milan Kundera，The Farewell Party，London: Penguin Books，1977，pp. 68-69.

17 Milan Kundera，The Unbearable Lightness of Being，New York: Harper & Row，1984，p. 254.