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第一章 斯巴达国家主义教育的教训
1 斯巴达对欧洲思想的影响,以及与20世纪极权的关系,参见Elizabeth Rawson,The Spartan Tradition in European Thought,Oxford: Clarendon Press,1969。
2 Benjamin Rush,“A Plan for the Establishment of Public Schools,”in Charles S. Hyneman and Donald S. Lutz,American Political Writing during the Founding Era,1760-1805,2 volums,Indianapolis: Liberty Press,1983. 1:681,684-686,189.
3 Samuel Adams to John Scollay,30 December 1780,Wrtings,edited by Harry Alonzo Cushing. 4 vols. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons,1904-1908 . 4:238.
4 Samuel Knox,“An Essay on the Best System of Liberal Education,” (1799),in Frederick Rudolph,ed.,Essays on Education in the Early Republic,Cambridge: Harvard University Press,1965,p. 309.
5 Elizabeth Rawson,The Spartan Tradition in European Thought,p. 342. Hitler’s Zweites Buch ii,17.
6 Elizabeth Rawson,The Spartan Tradition in European Thought,pp. 342-343 . Hitler’s Table Talk,ed. by Trevor-Roper,sections 63 and 140.
7 列奥·施特劳斯:《关于马基雅维里的思考》,申彤译,译林出版社2004年版,第127—128页。
8 蒙田:《蒙田随笔全集》上卷,潘丽珍等译,译林出版社1996年版,第160页。
9 同上书,第159页。
10 Pausanias(公元143—176),希腊地理学家和历史学家,著有《希腊志》。
11 萨拉·B. 波默罗伊等:《古希腊政治、社会和文化史》,傅洁莹等译,上海三联书店2010年版,第177页。
12 同上书,第151页。
13 Mark Joyal,et al.,Greek and Roman Education:A Sourcebook,London:Routledge,2009,p. 16.
14 亚里士多德:《尼各马科伦理学》,苗力田译,中国人民大学出版社2003年版,第231页。
15 Aristotle,Politics 8. 1-30 . 亚里士多德在斯巴达教育看到好的和不好的两面,参见:Mark Joyal,et al.,Greek and Roman Education: A Sourcebook,pp. 23-24。
16 Henri Irénée Marrou,A History of Education in Antiquity,Trans.by George Lamb,New York:Sheed and Ward,1956,pp. 15,16.
17 William Barclay,Educational Ideals in the Ancient World,Grand Rapids,Michigan: Baker Book House,1959,p. 50.
18 Plutarch,Lycurgus,25. 3.
19 Ibid.,30. 4-6 .
20 Ibid.,25. 3;22. 4.
21 Herodotus,History,7. 234.
22 Aristotle,Politics,2.6.2.
23 萨拉·B. 波默罗伊等:《古希腊政治、社会和文化史》,第163页。
24 Thucydides,History of the Peloponnesian War,4. 80.
25 萨拉·B. 波默罗伊等:《古希腊政治、社会和文化史》,第160—161页。
26 Henri Irénée Marrou,A History of Education in Antiquity,p. 18.
27 Elizabeth Rawson,The Spartan Tradition in European Thought,pp. 17,17-18 .
28 Plato,Hippias Major,284 B.
29 Pausanias,Description of Greece,3. 12,Quoted Kennth J. Freeman,Schools of Hellas,London:1907,p. 12.
30 Plutarch,Lycurgus,27. 3.
31 Xenophon,Constitution of the Lacedaemonians,14.4.
32 Ibid.,1. 2.
33 Plutarch,Lycurgus,19. 4.
34 Ibid.,8. 2.
35 Ibid.,8. 4.
36 Ibid.,9. 3.
37 Plutarch,Lycurgus,9. 4,5.
38 Ibid.,10. 2.
39 Ibid.,12. 2;10. 3;12.3.
40 Ibid.,13.1.
41 Ibid.,13.1;14.1.
42 Xenophon,Constitution of the Lacedaemonians,1. 3.
43 Plutarch,Lycurgus,14.2;14.3,4.
44 Ibid.,15.2.
45 Xenophon,Constitution of the Lacedaemonians,1. 7,8. Plutarch,Lycurgus,15. 6,7.
46 Plutarch,Lycurgus,15. 8-10 .
47 Ibid.,24. 1.
48 Aristotle,Politics,2. 6. 2.
49 Plwtarch,Lyargus,15.8-10 .
50 Ibid.,6. 1,2.
51 Ibid.,16. 3,4.
52 Ibid.,16. 5,6.
53 Ibid.,17. 1.
54 Xenophon,Constitution Of the Lacedaemonians,2. 10. 6. 1.
55 Plutarch,Lycurgus,16. 6-7.
56 Ibid.,16. 6.
57 参见本书第十一章,“20世纪的宣传”。
58 Plutarch,Lycurgus,16. 6.
59 Henri Irénée Marrou,A History of Education in Antiquity,p. 21.
60 Plato,Hippias Major,285,D.
61 Aristotle,Politics,8. 3. 5.
62 Plutarch,Lycurgus,21. 13;22. 23.
63 Plato,Laws,796 B.
64 Lucian,De Salt,10,11.
65 Xenophon,Memorabilia,2. 61.
66 Henri Irénée Marrou,A History of Education in Antiquity,p. 16.
67 Xenophon,Constitution of the Lacedaemonians,4. 6;6. 9.
68 Richard Grunberger,The 12-Year Reich:A Social History of Nazi Germany 1933-1945,New York: Holt,Rinehart and Wilson,1971,pp. 287-288.
69 William Barclay,Educational Ideals in the Ancient World,p. 69.
70 Ibid.
71 Plutarch,Lycurgus,12. 7. Xenophon,Constitution of the Lacedaemonians 5. 4.
72 Xenophon,Constitution of the Lacedaemonians,3. 4,5.
73 Plutarch,Lycurgus,16. 4,5.
74 Ibid.,18. 2,3;19. 1.
75 Ibid.,20. 5.
76 Ibid.,17.4. Xenophon,Constitution of the Lacedaemonians,2. 5,6.
77 Plutarch,Lycurgus,12.4.
78 Ibid.,28.2,3.
79 Plato,Laws,633 B.C.
80 Plutarch,Lycurgus,17. 3,4;Xenophon,Constitution of the Lacedaemonians,2.69.
81 Plutarch,Lycurgus,18.1.
82 Aristotle,Politics,8.3.3.
83 Plutarch,Lycurgus,18.1.
84 Lucian,Anacharsis,38.
85 Plato,Laws,633 B.
86 Cicero,Tusculan Disputations,5.27.27.
87 Pausanias,Description of Greece,3.14.8.
88 Plato,Laws,630 D.
89 Kenneth J. Freeman,Schools of Hellas,London:Macmillan,1907,p. 12.
90 萨拉·B. 波默罗伊等:《古希腊政治、社会和文化史》,第180、177页。
91 Aristotle,Politics,8.3.5.
92 Henri Irénée Marrou,A History of Education in Antiquity,p. 24.
93 Plutarch,Lycurgus,30. 3.
94 Augustus S Wilkins,National Education in Greece in the Fourth Century before Christ,London:Strahan & Co.,1873,pp. 9,42.
95 萨拉·B. 波默罗伊等:《古希腊政治、社会和文化史》,第162页。