- 译本 >
- 凯恩斯大战哈耶克 - 闾佳译 >
- 注释
13.通往无处之路
1.Patrick J.Maney, The Roosevelt Presence:The Life and Legacy of FDR(University of California Press, Berkeley,1992),pp.102-103.
2联邦赤字从1936年的46亿美元削减到1936年的27亿美元。Franklin Delano Roosevelt, FDRs Fireside Chats, ed.Russell D Buhite and David W.Levy(University of Oklahoma Press, Norman,1992),p.111.
3.Thomas Emerson Hall and J.David Ferguson, The Great Depression:An International Disaster of Perverse Economic Policies(University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor,1998),p.151.
4.Franklin D.Roosevelt,“On the Current Recession,”broadcast April 14,1938,Roosevelts Fireside Chats, New Deal Network, http://newdeal.feri.org/chat/chatl2.htm.
5.Letter from Keynes to Roosevelt, February 1,1938,in Collected Writings, vol.21:Activities 1931-39:World Crises and Policies in Britain and America(1982)(Macmillan for Royal Economic Society, London,1982).
6.Murray Newton Rothbard, Americas Great Depression(Ludwig von Mises Institute, Auburn, Ala.,2000),p.xv.
7.同上。
8.同上。
9.F.D.Roosevelt, speech in Boston, October 1940,in Robert Dallek, Franklin D.Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy,193—21945(Oxford University Press, New York,1979),p.250.
10.J.M.Keynes,“Will Rearmament Cure Unemployment?”BBC broadcast, June 1939,reproduced in Listener, June,1,1939,pp.1142-1143.
11.Hall and Ferguson, Great Depression, p.155.
12.Interview of J.K.Galbraith, September 28,2000,Commanding Heights, PBS, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/int_john kennethgalbraith.html.
13.也有人对战争支出和大萧条结束之间的关联表示怀疑,其中有Christina Romer, President Obamas chair of the Council of Economic Advisers in 2009-10.See Christina D.Romer,“Changes in Business Cycles:Evidence and Explanations,”Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol.13,no.2,Spring 1999,pp.23—24.
14.Collected Works, vol.10:Socialism and War:Essays, Documents, Review, ed.Bruce Caldwell(Liberty Fund, Indianapolis,1997),p.36.
15.Hayek, Hayek on Hayek, p.94.
16.Robert Skidelsky, John Maynard Keynes, vol.3:Fighting for Freedom 1937~1946(Viking, New York,2000),p.47.
17.Collected Writings, vol.9:Essays in Persuasion, p.410.
18.约翰·西蒙爵士(John Allsebrook Simon,1st Viscount Simon,1873—1954),内政大臣、外务大臣、财政大臣和大法官。他支持张伯伦对希特勒的绥靖政策,所以丘吉尔并未邀请他加入英国战时内阁。
19.Skidelsky, John Maynard Keynes, vol.3:Fighting for Freedom, p.52.
20.Hayek,“Mr Keynes and War Costs,”Spectator, November 24,1939,in Collected Works, vol.10:Socialism and War, p.164.
21.同上,p.171.
22.同上,p.164.
23.同上,p.166.
24.同上,pp.167-168.
25.Hayek, Hayek on Hayek, p.91.
26.同上,p 98.
27.同上,p.91.
28.Hayek took the title from Tocqueville,“who speaks about the road to servitude.I would like to have chosen that, but it doesn‘t sound good.So I changed’servitude‘to’serfdom,for merely phonetic reasons.”Collected Works, vol.2:Road to Serfdom, p.256 footnote.
29.Ebenstein, Friedrich Hayek, p.114.
30.Hayek Archive, Hoover Institution, quoted in同上,p.129.
31.Letter from Hayek to Lippmann, quoted in Gary Dean Best,“Introduction,”in Walter Lippmann, The Good Society(Transaction Publishers, Piscataway, N.J.,2004),p.xxxi.
32.Collected Works, vol.2:Road to Serfdom, p.137.For a full account of how Hayek intended The Road to Serfdom to fit into his broader Abuse of Reason schema, see Collected Works, vol.13:Studies on the Abuse and Decline of Reason, ed.Bruce Caldwell(University of Chicago Press, Chicago,2010).
33.同上,p.67.
34.同上,p.58.
35.指哈耶克引用凯恩斯,“The Economics of War in Germany,”Economic Journal, vol.25,September 1915,p.450,凯恩斯说自己读到一位德国作家呼吁要在和平的工业发展时期延续军队作风,不禁做了“噩梦”。Collected Works, vol.2:Road to Serfdom, p.195,footnote.
36.F.A.Hayek, Preface to the original edition of The Road to Serfdom, in Collected Works, vol.2:Road to Serfdom, p.37.
37.Collected Works, vol.2:Road to Serfdom, pp.148-149.
38.同上。
39.同上,p.214.
40.Hayek, Preface to the 1976 edition of The Road to Serfdom, in Collected Works, vol.2:Road to Serfdom, p.55.
41.Collected Works, vol.2:Road to Serfdom, pp.58—59.
42.同上,p.105.
43.Hayek, Preface to the 1956 American edition of The Road to Serfdom, in Collected Works, vol.2:Road to Serfdom, p.37.
44.Letter from Keynes to Hayek, April 4,1944,LSE Archives, London.
45.Collected Writings, vol.17:Activities 1920-2:Treaty Revision and Reconstruction(Macmillan for the Royal Economic Society, London,1977),pp.385-387.
46.Chicago Round Table, quoted in Ebenstein, Friedrich Hayek, p.126.
47.Collected Works, vol.2:Road to Serfdom, p.148.
48.Collected Writings, vol.17:Activities 1920-2,pp.385-387.
49.Interview of Hayek by Thomas W.Hazlitt,1977,published in Reason, July 1992,http://reason.com/archives/1992/07/01/the-road-from-serfdom.
50.Collected Works, vol.2:Road to Serfdom, p.118.
51.同上,p.148.
52.同上,pp.249-250.
53.Henry Hazlitt,“An Economist‘s View of’Planning,”review of The Road to Serfdom, by F.A.Hayek, The New York Times, September 24,1944,Sunday Book Review, p.1.
54.马科斯·斯特曼(Max Forrester Eastman,1883—1969),涉猎广泛的美国作家,1923年出访苏联后,强烈谴责苏联的共产主义,但仍持左翼观点。到1941年,他开始为《读者文摘》撰写保守派的评论文章。
55.乔治·奥威尔,英国作家Eric Arthur Blair(1903—1950)的笔名,他还是反对极权主义的政治活动家。
56.George Orwell,“Grounds for Dismay,”Observer, London, April 9,1944.
57.芭芭拉·伍顿(Barbara Wootton nee Adam, Baroness Wootton of Abinger,1897—1988),英国经济学家,社会学家和犯罪学家。1968年,哈罗德·威尔逊政府正式委托她调查吸食大麻的影响。但政府忽视了她在《伍顿报告》(1969)中所说的“少量拥有此物不应该入罪”之提议。
58.UCLA Oral History Program, p.229.
59.Barbara Wootton, Freedom under Planning(G.Allen&Unwin, London,1945).
60.哈罗德·麦克米伦在回忆录中写道,丘吉尔“读了哈耶克教授的《通往奴役之路》,不安加剧”。Tides of Fortune(Macmillan, London,1969),p.32.
61.克莱门特·艾德礼(Clement Richard Attlee, Earl Attlee,1883—1967),英国政治家,工党党魁(1935~1955),丘吉尔战时联合政府的副手,英国首相(1945~1951),主持了全面福利国家的建设工作,开展了印度、巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡、缅甸、巴勒斯坦和约旦的非殖民化进程。
62.Quoted in Martin Gilbert, Churchill:A Life(Henry Holt, New York,1991),p.846.
63.罗伊·詹金斯(Roy Harris Jenkins, Baron Jenkins of Hillhead,1920—2003),英国工党内政大臣(两任),财政大臣,欧洲联盟主席。他离开工党后创办了社会民主党,1982年到1983年任党魁。
64.Roy Jenkins, Churchill(Macmillan, London,200n p.791).
65.Roy Jenkins, ed.,Purpose and Policy:Selected Speeches of C.R.Attlee(Hutchinson, London,1947),p.3.
66.Tony Benn, in Commanding Heights, PBS, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/com mandingheights/shared/minitext/tr_show01.html.
67.F.A.Hayek, in ibid.
68.Alvin Hansen,“The New Crusade against Planning,”New Republic, vol.12,January 1,1945,pp.9-10.
69.T.V.史密斯(Professor T V.Smith,1890—1964),芝加哥大学哲学教授,伊利诺伊州议员。
70.T.V.Smith,“the Road to Serfdom,”book review, Ethics(University of Chicago Press, Chicago),vol.55,no.3 April 1945,p.226.
71.同上,pp.225-226.
72.Russell Kirk, James McClellan, and Jeffrey Nelson, The Political Principles of Robert A.Taft(Transaction Publishers, Piscataway, N.J.,2010),p.86.
73.同上。
74.赫尔曼·芬纳(Herman Finer,1898—1969),英国政治学家,执教于芝加哥大学和哈佛大学。
75.Herman Finer, The Road to Reaction(Little, Brown, Boston,1945),preface.
76.同上,p.ix.
77.安·兰德(Ayn Rand O‘Connor, nee Alissa Zinov’yevna Rosenbaum,1905—1982),俄罗斯出生的美国作家,反集体主义者,辩论家,编剧。她写过两本著名的说教小说,《源泉》(The Fountainhead,1943年)1949年由King Vidor拍为电影,主演是Gary Cooper和Patricia Neal,以及《阿特拉斯耸耸肩》(1957),2010年由Paul Johansson拍为电影,并由他自己主演。
78.Rand to Theodore J.Lowi, quoted in Theodore J.Lowi, The End of the Republican Era(University of Oklahoma Press, Norman,2006),p.22,footnote.
79.Rand quoted in Ayn Rand, Ayn Rands Marginalia:Her Critical Comments on the Writings of Over 20 Authors, ed.Robert Mayhew(Second Renaissance Books, New Milford, Conn.,1995),pp.145-160.
80.Hayek, Hayek on Hayek, p.90.
81.Collected Works, vol.9:Contra Keynes and Cambridge, p.232.
82.UCLA Oral History Program, p.117.
83.他患有细菌性心内膜炎,因心脏瓣膜感染所致,在抗生素诞生之前的时代,它无药可救。
84.Skidelsky, John Maynard Keynes, vol.3:Fighting for Freedom, p.472.
85.Quoted in Ebenstein, Friedrich Hayek, p.344.
86.Hayek, Hayek on Hayek, p.143.
87.同上,p.103.