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18.赢家是……
1.Robert Skidelsky,“After Serfdom,”review of Hayek:The Iron Cage of Liberty by Andrew Gamble, Oxford, Polity, in Times Literary Supplement, September 20,1996.
2.Milton Friedman, Letter, Time, February 4,1966.
3.Milton Friedman,“John Maynard Keynes”in J.M.Keyness The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money(facsimile of 1936 edition reprinted by Verlag Wirtschaft und Finanzen GmbH, Diisseldorf,1989),p.6.
4.Milton Friedman, The Counter-Revolution in Monetary Theory:First Wincott Memorial Lecture, Delivered at the Senate House, University of London, September 16,1970(Institute of Economic Affairs, London,1970),p.8.
5.Interview of Hayek by Thomas W.Hazlitt,1977,published in Reason, July 1992.http://reason.com/archives/1992/07/01/the-road-from-serfdom.
6.Interview of Milton Friedman, October 1,2000,Commanding Heights, PBS, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/int_milton friedman.html.
7.Interview of Hayek by Thomas W.Hazlett,1977.
8.Richard Cockett, Thinking the Unthinkable:Think Tanks and the Economic Counter-Revolution,1931-1983(HarperCollins, London,1994),p.175.
9.吉塔·塞伦尼(Gita Sereny,1921—),奥地利出生的英国作家,曾为希特勒时代的建筑师阿尔贝特·施佩尔(Albert Speer)写作传记。
10.Quoted in Gita Sereny, The Times(London),May 9,1985.
11.Interview of F.A.Hayek, Forbes, May 15,1989,pp.33-34.
12.Collected Works, vol.2:Road to Serfdom, preface to the 1976 edition, p.53.Hayek had described Keyness General Theory in identical terms.
13.Adam Wolfson,“Conservatives and Neoconservatives,”in Irwin Stelzer, ed.,The Neocon Reader(Grove Press, New York,2004),p.224.
14.Paul Samuelson,“A Few Remembrances of Friedrich von Hayek(1899-1992).”
15.See Jeffrey D.Sachs,“The Social Welfare State, beyond Ideology:Are Higher Taxes and Strong Social‘Safety Nets’Antagonistic to a Prosperous Market Economy?”Scientifc American, October 16,2006.
16.Interview of Hayek by Thomas W.Hazlett,1977.
17.John Cassidy,“The Price Prophet,”The New Yorker, February 7,2000.
18.同上。
19.Bruce Caldwell, Hayeks Challenge:An Intellectual Biography of F.A.Hayek(University of Chicago Press, Chicago,2005),p.3.
20.F.A.Hayek, Studies in Philosophy, Politics and Economics(University of Chicago Press, Chicago,1967),p.194.
21.Interview of Ralph Harris, July 17,2000,Commanding Heights, PBS, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/int_ralphharris.html.
22.F.A.Hayek, Law, Legislation and Liberty, vol.3:The Political Order of a Free People(University of Chicago Press, Chicago,1979),p.147.
23.同上,p.146.
24.同上,p.147.
25.Collected Works, vol.2:Road to Serfdom, p.260.
26.事实上,撒切尔夫人通过财政大臣Nigel Lawson的精妙设计,在一定程度上回应了哈耶克实现货币供给脱离国家垄断的概念。基于国家主义立场,撒切尔夫人一贯反对欧盟建立单一货币的主张,即放弃英镑,使用欧元:这么做会让英国放弃最高的国家主权,即政府可以通过调整利息,适应英国的经济形势,货币按市场价格浮动,能反映英国经济的走强和走弱。正如Lawson所料,他的提议无人响应。撒切尔夫人在The Downing Street Years(HarperCollins, London,1995,p.716)中解释说,“它完全不是我们欧洲社会合作伙伴们喜欢的中央集中式模型。”但即便撒切尔夫人和Lawson以巧妙的方式顶住了欧盟建立有单一政府、使用单一货币的单一大国的持续压力,仍未能完全通过哈耶克的测试,因为英国仍然使用政府所有的中央银行发行货币。事实上,“通过市场压力自由达成单一货币”这一设想是完全认可国家对发行货币的垄断权利的。把货币发行交到私人手中(如哈耶克所主张的),在政治上很难实现,也令人尴尬。
27.Wblfson,“Conservatives and Neoconservatives,”p.224.
28.Herbert Stein, Washington Bedtime Stories:The Politics of Money and Jobs(Free Press, New York,1986),p.116.
29.F.A.Hayek,“Review of Harrods Life of J.M.Keynes”Journal of Modern History, vol.24,no.2,June 1952,pp.195-198.
30.F.A.Hayek,“Personal Recollections of Keynes and the‘Keynesian Revolution,’”Oriental Economist, vol.34,no.663,January 1966,pp.78-80.
31.J.K.Galbraith,“Keynes, Roosevelt, and the Complementary Revolutions,”Challenge(New York University Institute of Economic Affairs, M.E.Sharpe, New York),vol.26,1983,p.76.